water treatment from colored pigments and heavy metals

Summary

The water purification process focuses on removing pollutants from the water to be treated in order to obtain potable water pure enough to be used for personal consumption. Materials removed in this process include bacteria, viruses, algae, and some minerals such as iron, manganese, and sulfur as well as human pollutants such as including fertilizers. The drinking water treatment process is very important, and this is why the World Health Organization issues standards and guidelines that are dealt with globally.

Nowadays environment pollutions have increased as a result of rapid

industrialization, global population growth, industrial exploitation of natural resources and persistent droughts [1-2].

Effective methods for removing harmful organic and inorganic chemicals from water having important attention. Several methods, including coagulation, filtration, electrocoagulation, precipitation, floatation, electrodialysis, membrane, adsorption, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and advanced oxidation processes, have been utilized to remove organic chemicals from contaminated water and waste water. On the other hand, there are the traditional methods such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane separation process and electrocoagulation which have been

used to remove inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals, these methods have shown some limitations for high capital and operating cost [3-5].

Organic pollutants may be produced in the environment as a result of pesticides, fertilizers, phenols, plasticizers, detergents, oils, medicines, proteins, and carbohydrates [6]. Organic compounds have many side effects and are considered carcinogenic so removing it from waterbodies is important to preserve the water quality and hence the aquatic fauna and flora [7].

Nitro organic compounds and synthetic dyes are the more environmental hazardous because they are released into the environment without any treatment. These substances are also the most toxic to the environment because they causing serious damage to all living organisms and also, soli, air and water sources [8-10].

On the other hand, the contamination of drinking water with heavy metals has a negative effect on the ecosystem and people's health. Since heavy metals are non-biodegradable [11] and may be carcinogenic [12-14]; and their presence in water in  large amounts may have major effect on the health of living things. The toxicity of a heavy metal and its impact on living organisms is determined by its type, concentration, and the organisms exposed to it. The heavy metal ions are dangerous to people, plants, and animals because they are easily absorbed by living things through water and spread throughout the food chain [15]. Lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As) are the most common heavy metals and are dangerous even in low concentrations.   For a healthy environment and society, it is crucial to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater. The removal of heavy metal ions from various wastewater sources has been the focus of many different reported methods. These methods may be divided into treatments based on adsorption, membranes, chemicals, electricity, and photocatalysis [ 16-17]. 

The water purification process focuses on removing pollutants from the water to be treated in order to obtain potable water pure enough to be used for personal consumption. Materials removed in this process include bacteria, viruses, algae, and some minerals such as iron, manganese, and sulfur as well as human pollutants such as including fertilizers. The drinking water treatment process is very important, and this is why the World Health Organization issues standards and guidelines that are dealt with globally.

Nowadays environment pollutions have increased as a result of rapid

industrialization, global population growth, industrial exploitation of natural resources and persistent droughts [1-2].

Effective methods for removing harmful organic and inorganic chemicals from water having important attention. Several methods, including coagulation, filtration, electrocoagulation, precipitation, floatation, electrodialysis, membrane, adsorption, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and advanced oxidation processes, have been utilized to remove organic chemicals from contaminated water and waste water. On the other hand, there are the traditional methods such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane separation process and electrocoagulation which have been

used to remove inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals, these methods have shown some limitations for high capital and operating cost [3-5].

Organic pollutants may be produced in the environment as a result of pesticides, fertilizers, phenols, plasticizers, detergents, oils, medicines, proteins, and carbohydrates [6]. Organic compounds have many side effects and are considered carcinogenic so removing it from waterbodies is important to preserve the water quality and hence the aquatic fauna and flora [7].

Nitro organic compounds and synthetic dyes are the more environmental hazardous because they are released into the environment without any treatment. These substances are also the most toxic to the environment because they causing serious damage to all living organisms and also, soli, air and water sources [8-10].

On the other hand, the contamination of drinking water with heavy metals has a negative effect on the ecosystem and people's health. Since heavy metals are non-biodegradable [11] and may be carcinogenic [12-14]; and their presence in water in  large amounts may have major effect on the health of living things. The toxicity of a heavy metal and its impact on living organisms is determined by its type, concentration, and the organisms exposed to it. The heavy metal ions are dangerous to people, plants, and animals because they are easily absorbed by living things through water and spread throughout the food chain [15]. Lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As) are the most common heavy metals and are dangerous even in low concentrations.   For a healthy environment and society, it is crucial to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater. The removal of heavy metal ions from various wastewater sources has been the focus of many different reported methods. These methods may be divided into treatments based on adsorption, membranes, chemicals, electricity, and photocatalysis [ 16-17]. 

Achievements

List of Publications from the Project

Partners

Project Members

Project Leaders